Class Name: AccountUpdateUserQueueable¶

Last Updated: 2025-10-22 Source Code: https://github.com/AANP-IT/I2C.Salesforce.Metadata/blob/STAGING/force-app/main/default/classes/AccountUpdateUserQueueable.cls

API Name: AccountUpdateUserQueueable Type: Queueable (Asynchronous Processing) Test Coverage: To be determined

Business Purpose¶

This queueable class performs asynchronous user record updates with elevated system privileges, bypassing standard sharing rules to ensure critical user synchronization can complete successfully. It is specifically designed to handle user updates triggered by account changes or system processes that require administrator-level access to the User object, enabling seamless account-to-user data synchronization without permission constraints.

Class Overview¶

¶

Scope and Sharing - Sharing Model: without sharing (bypasses all record-level security and sharing rules) - Access Modifier: public - Interfaces Implemented: Queueable

Key Responsibilities¶

Execute asynchronous bulk user record updates with system administrator privileges
Bypass all sharing rules and record-level security for user maintenance operations
Handle user update failures gracefully with comprehensive error logging
Support account-driven user synchronization workflows
Enable system processes to maintain user data integrity without security constraints
Process bulk user collections efficiently in single DML operation

Public Methods¶

Constructor: AccountUpdateUserQueueable¶

public AccountUpdateUserQueueable(List<User> userListToUpdate)

Purpose: Initializes the queueable job with a collection of User records that require updates. The constructor stores the user list for later processing in the execute method.

Parameters: - userListToUpdate (List): Collection of User records with fields pre-populated for update. Must contain User records with valid Id values and updated field values.

Returns: - AccountUpdateUserQueueable instance

Throws: - No exceptions thrown (but invalid data will cause execute method to fail)

Usage Example:

// Prepare user records for update
List<User> usersToUpdate = [SELECT Id, Email, IsActive FROM User WHERE AccountId IN :accountIds];
for(User u : usersToUpdate) {
    u.Email = u.Email.toLowerCase();
    u.IsActive = true;
}

// Enqueue the queueable job
System.enqueueJob(new AccountUpdateUserQueueable(usersToUpdate));

Business Logic: - Accepts a list of User records that have been modified by calling code - Stores the user list in private instance variable for execute method - No validation performed at construction time - calling code must ensure valid data - Constructor does not modify the user records - they should be prepared before passing

execute¶

public void execute(QueueableContext context)

Purpose: Queueable interface method that performs the actual user record updates asynchronously with elevated privileges. This method runs in a separate transaction from the calling code.

Parameters: - context (QueueableContext): System-provided execution context containing job information. Not used in current implementation but required by Queueable interface.

Returns: - void (no return value)

Throws: - Catches all exceptions internally - does not propagate to calling code - DMLException: Caught if user updates fail (logged but not re-thrown) - System.Exception: Caught for any other errors (logged but not re-thrown)

Usage Example:

// System automatically calls execute when job is processed
// No direct calling needed - happens via System.enqueueJob()

Business Logic: 1. Attempts to update all User records in the userListToUpdate collection 2. Uses standard DML update operation (allOrNone defaults to true) 3. Catches any exceptions during update operation 4. Logs error message and stack trace to debug logs on failure 5. Does not re-throw exceptions - fails silently with logging only 6. No return value or status indication to calling code

Error Handling: - Try-catch block wraps entire update operation - Error message logged with System.LoggingLevel.ERROR - Stack trace logged separately for troubleshooting - System.debug calls may not be visible in production - No platform event or custom object logging - Calling code has no way to detect failure

Private/Helper Methods¶

None - All logic contained in constructor and execute method.

Dependencies¶

Apex Classes¶

None - Standalone queueable with no class dependencies
May be called by: AccountTriggerHandler, UserService, or similar user management classes
No helper classes or utility dependencies

Salesforce Objects¶

User (Standard Object)
Fields accessed: Dependent on calling code - commonly includes:
- Id (required for update)
- Email (common synchronization field)
- IsActive (status management)
- ContactId (account-user linking)
- ProfileId (profile assignments)
- Username (email synchronization)
- Any other user fields requiring synchronization

Custom Settings/Metadata¶

None - No custom settings or metadata dependencies
Consider adding TriggerSettings__mdt for enable/disable control

External Services¶

None - Pure internal processing
No callouts, platform events, or external integrations
Relies only on Salesforce Queueable framework

Design Patterns¶

Queueable Pattern: Implements Queueable interface for asynchronous processing
Command Pattern: Encapsulates user update operation as executable command
Privileged Execution Pattern: Uses 'without sharing' for system-level operations
Bulk Operation Pattern: Processes multiple users in single DML statement

Why These Patterns: - Queueable allows async processing without blocking calling transaction - without sharing enables system-level maintenance regardless of user permissions - Bulk pattern ensures governor limit compliance

Governor Limits Considerations¶

SOQL Queries: 0 (no queries - users provided by caller) DML Operations: 1 (single update statement for all users) CPU Time: Minimal (simple update operation, no complex calculations) Heap Size: Proportional to user list size (approximately 1KB per user record)

Bulkification: Yes - processes entire user collection in single DML operation Async Processing: Yes - entire class is asynchronous queueable

Queueable-Specific Limits: - Max queueable depth: 1 (does not chain to additional queueables) - Max enqueue operations: 50 per transaction - Can theoretically process up to 10,000 User records - Recommended limit: 200 users per job for optimal performance

Governor Limit Risks: - CRITICAL: If caller provides >10,000 users, will hit DML row limits - HIGH: No chunking mechanism for very large data sets - MEDIUM: Multiple enqueues could hit 50 enqueue limit per transaction - LOW: Heap size could be issue with thousands of users with many fields

Recommended Improvements: - Add batch size validation in constructor - Implement chunking for >200 users - Add governor limit monitoring

Error Handling¶

Strategy: Try-catch with debug logging, no exception propagation

Logging: - Uses System.debug with LoggingLevel.ERROR for error messages - Logs both error message and full stack trace - Debug logs may be lost in high-volume production environments - No persistent error logging to custom object or platform events - Log retention limited to Salesforce debug log retention policies

User Notifications: - None - Calling process is not notified of failures - No email alerts to system administrators - No platform events published for monitoring - Silent failure if debug logs not actively monitored - Users may not know their updates failed

Rollback Behavior: - Full transaction rollback on DML errors (standard Salesforce behavior) - All user updates in the list are rolled back together - No partial success possible with current implementation - Queueable transaction is separate from calling transaction - Calling transaction not affected by queueable failures

Recommended Improvements: - Implement custom Error_Log__c object for persistent logging - Publish platform events for monitoring system integration - Send email alerts to administrators on critical failures - Return status via callback mechanism or custom metadata - Use Database.update with allOrNone=false for partial success

Security Considerations¶

Sharing Rules: ⚠️ BYPASSED - Uses 'without sharing' keyword - Updates any User record regardless of sharing rules or OWD - Caller's permissions completely ignored - Runs with equivalent of system administrator privileges - RISK: Could be exploited to modify administrative users if misused

Field-Level Security: ⚠️ NOT ENFORCED - Can update any field on User object - FLS checks not performed automatically - Caller must implement FLS checks if needed - Could update restricted fields like ProfileId, IsActive

CRUD Permissions: ⚠️ NOT ENFORCED - Can update User records even if caller lacks edit permission on User object - Appropriate only for true system-level operations - Must validate calling context has proper authorization

Input Validation: ⚠️ MISSING - No validation of user data before update - Relies entirely on calling code for data sanitization - Risk of invalid or malicious data being persisted - No field whitelisting or blacklisting

Security Risks: - CRITICAL: Elevation of privilege vulnerability if misused - HIGH: Could be exploited to modify admin profiles or activate/deactivate users - HIGH: No audit trail of who triggered updates or what changed - MEDIUM: Potential for unauthorized profile changes - MEDIUM: Could bypass workflow rules or validation rules

Mitigation Recommendations: 1. Validate calling code has appropriate permissions before allowing calls 2. Implement comprehensive audit logging for all user updates 3. Add field-level whitelist for allowed update fields 4. Implement validation rules for critical fields (ProfileId, IsActive) 5. Add custom permission requirement for calling classes 6. Consider replacing with 'inherited sharing' if possible 7. Regular security audits of all code calling this class

Test Class¶

Test Class: AccountUpdateUserQueueableTest.cls (assumed name - verify in codebase) Coverage: To be determined - check via Salesforce Developer Console

Test Scenarios That Should Be Covered: - ✓ Single user update successfully completed - ✓ Bulk update of 200+ users - ✓ Update with 'without sharing' verification - ✓ Exception handling when DML fails - ✓ Empty user list handling - ✓ Null parameter handling - ✓ User with invalid field values - ✓ Governor limit testing with maximum user count - ✓ Async execution completion verification - ✓ Debug log verification for error scenarios - ✓ User permission verification (updates regardless of caller permissions)

Testing Challenges: - Difficult to test 'without sharing' behavior in test context (all tests run in system mode) - Debug log verification not practical in automated tests - Async execution requires Test.stopTest() for job completion - Cannot easily simulate DML failures in test context

Minimum Test Coverage Requirements: - 75% code coverage minimum (Salesforce requirement) - 90%+ recommended for queueables with elevated permissions - Test both success and failure scenarios - Test with various user field combinations

Changes & History¶

Initial creation date: Unknown (check git history)
Created by: Unknown (check git annotations)
Purpose: Support asynchronous user updates from account-driven processes
Part of: User-account synchronization framework
Related PRs: Check git log for AccountUpdateUserQueueable

Recommended: - Add inline comments with creation context - Document major refactoring in this section - Link to related PRs and issues

⚠️ Pre-Go-Live Concerns¶

CRITICAL - Fix Before Go-Live¶

'without sharing' Security Risk: Bypasses ALL sharing rules and FLS - could expose sensitive user data or allow unauthorized profile changes. Requires comprehensive security review.
No Input Validation: Accepts any User list without checking for null, empty, or invalid data. Could result in data corruption or system errors.
Silent Failures: Errors only logged to debug logs which are not monitored - calling process has no way to know if updates failed. Could result in data inconsistency.
No Audit Trail: No record of what user fields were updated, when, by what process, or by whose authority. Compliance and security risk.
No Authorization Checks: Any code can call this and bypass all security. Should verify calling context has proper permissions.

HIGH - Address Soon After Go-Live¶

Limited Error Reporting: Debug logs may not be visible or retained in production - need persistent error logging
No Retry Mechanism: Failed user updates are not automatically retried or flagged for manual review
No Partial Success Handling: Uses allOrNone=true (default) but doesn't report which specific users succeeded vs failed
Missing Monitoring Integration: No integration with monitoring tools, error notification systems, or dashboards
No Execution Tracking: Cannot determine if queueable was successfully enqueued or track execution status
Governor Limit Risk: No chunking for large user lists - could hit DML row limits with >10,000 users

MEDIUM - Future Enhancement¶

No Bulk Operation Optimization: Could use Database.SaveResult analysis to identify specific failure reasons per user
Limited Context in Error Messages: Doesn't identify which specific user records failed or why
No Monitoring or Alerting: Failed user updates won't trigger notifications to system administrators
Missing Idempotency Protection: No safeguards against duplicate queueable enqueues for same users
No Chunking Strategy: Large user lists (>200) should be chunked for better performance
Hardcoded Error Logging: Should use configurable logging framework

LOW - Monitor¶

Generic Class Name: Doesn't indicate specific business process or calling context
No Empty List Check: Doesn't validate if user list is empty before enqueuing (wastes resources)
Simple Error Handling: Could provide more detailed error analysis and categorization
No Performance Metrics: No tracking of execution time, success rates, or throughput
Missing Inline Documentation: No code comments explaining 'without sharing' rationale or usage context

Maintenance Notes¶

Complexity: Low (simple logic) but High (security implications) Recommended Review Schedule: Quarterly security review, annual functional review

Key Maintainer Notes:

🔒 CRITICAL SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS: - This class runs 'without sharing' - bypasses ALL Salesforce security - Any code calling this class effectively gets system administrator privileges for User updates - Review all calling code to ensure proper authorization checks - Consider whether 'without sharing' is truly necessary for each use case - Regular security audits mandatory

📋 Usage Patterns: - Typically called from AccountTriggerHandler or UserService classes - Used when user fields need synchronization with account data - Common scenarios: email updates, profile changes, contact linking, account ownership - May be used in data migration or bulk update processes

🧪 Testing Requirements: - Must test with users who lack User object edit permissions - Verify that updates succeed despite sharing rules - Test governor limits with 200+ users - Verify error handling doesn't break calling transaction - Test async execution completes within timeout

🔧 Future Refactoring Considerations: - Replace System.debug with proper error logging object - Add Platform Event for monitoring integration - Implement field-level whitelist for security - Add execution status tracking - Consider replacing with Flow if only simple field updates needed - Evaluate whether Batch Apex better for large volumes

⚠️ Gotchas and Warnings: - Queueable may not execute immediately - calling code cannot assume synchronous completion - Multiple enqueues for same user could cause race conditions and data conflicts - User updates may trigger additional triggers/automation - watch for recursion - 'without sharing' means this class can see and update ALL users including admins and integration users - Changes to User object can trigger complex cascading automation - User updates may fail validation rules - ensure data is valid before queueing

📅 When to Review This Class: - Before adding any new calling code - After any User object security model changes - During annual security audits - If production errors related to user updates occur - When considering new user synchronization requirements - After Salesforce releases that affect User object or Queueable framework - When implementing new compliance requirements

🛑 Deactivation Strategy:

If this class needs to be temporarily disabled:

// Option 1: Add custom metadata check
Queueable_Settings__mdt settings = Queueable_Settings__mdt.getInstance('AccountUpdateUser');
if (settings != null && settings.Disabled__c == true) {
    System.debug('AccountUpdateUserQueueable is disabled via metadata');
    return;
}

// Option 2: Add custom permission check
if (!FeatureManagement.checkPermission('Allow_User_Queueable_Updates')) {
    throw new QueueableException('User updates via queueable are disabled');
}

Add this check at the start of execute method. Ensure calling code handles gracefully.

🔍 Debugging Tips: - Enable debug logs for User object and Queueable Apex - Monitor Apex Jobs in Setup → Apex Jobs - Check System Log for error messages - Use Developer Console to trace execution - Enable Field History Tracking on User object for audit trail

📊 Performance Monitoring: - Track average execution time via Apex Jobs - Monitor success vs failure rates - Watch for increasing queue depth - Alert on execution failures - Dashboard for daily/weekly update volumes

Business Owner¶

Primary: IT Operations / System Integration Team Secondary: User Management Team / HR Systems Integration Stakeholders: Security Team, Compliance Team, Development Team